Tent-cottage.



PATENTED JAN. 10, 1905.

C. SGHRAM.

TENT COTTAGE.

APPLICATION FILED APR, 12, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED JAN. 10, 1905.

0. SGHRAM.

TENT COTTAGE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.12, 1904.

3 SHBETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED JAN. 10, 1905.

C. SOHRAM.

TENT COTTAGE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 12, 1904.

3 SHBETS-SHBET 3.

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' UNITED STATES Patented January 10, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

TENT-COTTAGE.

SPECIFICATIONforming part of Letters Patent No. 779,446, dated January 13, 1905. Application filed April 12, 1904. Serial No. 202,828.

To (.tZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTOPHER SOHRAM, a citizen of the United States of America, residing in the city and county of Denver and State of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tent-Cottages; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in tent-cottages; and the objects of my invention are, first, to provide a portable tent-cottage that can be very quickly and easily set up and taken down; second, to provide a tent-cottage that is provided with a transomventilator in its apex; third, to provide a tent-cottagehavingtwo pipe-outlets for stoves or ventilation in its apex that can be opened or closed; fourth, to provide a tent-cottage in which the rafters are releasably clamped to the crown-piece of the tent; fifth, to provide a tent-cottage provided with an air-space roof and to provide novel and rigid supports for the upper roof-rafters. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 is a plan view of the framework of the improved tent-cottage, the canvas coverings being removed. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view through the completed tent-cottage. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical longitudinal sectional View of the ventilator at the apex of the roof of the tent. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same looking from the under side, the transom being open. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse sectional view of the same. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the angle-casting which is secured upon the four corners of the main structure and holds the rafters together. Fig. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating the manner of securing the side supplemental rafters to the main rafter. Fig. 9 is a bottom plan View of one of the half-ring designates the studs of the tent; 2, the plate; 1

3, the siding or casing, and .t the canvas covering. To the plate I secure the main rafters 5 with screws, and to the side of the studs I secure a side plate 7 which preferably overtops the rafter-plate 3. To the side plate 7 I secure by bolts 8 one end of brackets 9, which may be made of wrought iron or steel or be a malleable iron or steel casting. The bolt 8 also passes through and secures one end of a cleat 10 to the inside of the stud. The opposite ends of the cleats 10 are secured to the rafters by bolts 11. I connect each one of the side rafters of the side studs of the tent on the inside with cleats and also secure a bracket to each stud and rafter through the side plates; but to the corner or hip rafters and the joints of the plates and to the cornerstuds I secure first a right-angled corner-casting 10, which I secure firmly to the side plates. This corner-casting is provided with a flat surface 1O at its apex, having lugs 10 at each side, and the heel of the brackets is bolted to the flat place between the lugs. The opposite ends of the main rafters are secured to an oblong ring 12, which I term the ventilator-ring. The sides 13 and 1 1 of this ventilator-ring are preferably made of wood, and the ends consist of four metal clamping-plates15, 16, 17, and 18, the two under plates 15 and 16 being in the form of rings, while the plates 17 and 18 are in the form of a half-ring. A ring and a plate are placed at each end, the ring on the under side and the plate on the top of the side pieces. These plates are preferably secured to the side pieces 13 and 14 by bolts 19 and 20, which pass through both plates and the ends of the side pieces and extend beyond through sleeves 21 and support hoods 22 and 23 at a space above the ventilator sufficient to receive and be secured to a top set of rafters 24 and 25, that are placed directly over and above the main set of rafters 5. To the center of the ends of the plates of the ventilator the rafters 5 are secured, each of said rafters having a slot 26 in its end, which slots straddle center bolts 26, extending through the plate and which form abutments for these rafters. My object in making these two particular rafters in this manner is that it permits me to very easily and quickly erect the ventilator in position above the studs and plate and to insert the balance of the rafters in position when erecting the cottage. The other main rafters are secured, two at each end, between the clamping-plates and are preferably clamped between the plates by bolts 19 and 20 The main side rafters, two being shown, are each connected to the sides of the ventilator by a pair of clips, which are arranged as follows: The ends of the main rafters abut directly against the edge of the side pieces of the ventilator and are secured thereto by clips 28 and 29.

The clips 28 comprise a plate that is secured to the side piece and also to the rafter by bolts 30. The upper ends of these clips 28 are turned up at right angles and form an abutment for the ends of the middle supplementary rafters 25, which abut directly against them and are secured to them by the clips 29, which comprise strips of metal that are secured to the bottom of these rafters, the ends of which are formed into a T-shaped crossbar that is adapted to pass loosely through a vertical slot 31 formed in the upturned abutment end of the clips 28 of the main rafter. The T-shaped cross-bar of the clip is secured to the clip 28 by turning the supplementary rafters sidewise and inserting the cross-bar in the vertical slot and then turning them back to their normal position, when the cross-bar will stand at right angles to the slot.

The upper ends of the supplementary rafters at the ends of the ventilator extend between the hoods and half-rings of the ventilator and are clamped tightly between them by the bolts 19 and 20. The supplementary rafters are held against accidental displacement from the plates in case the bolts should work loose by sharp-edged lips 32, that introvert from the outer edges of the plates opposite each other and pinch into the opposite ends of the rafters or into slots cut in the rafters to receive them. This same method of securing the main rafters to the rings against accidental displacement may be employed, if

' desired. The opposite ends of the supplementary rafters extend beyond the plate and studs of the cottage and project from the ventilator at a diverging angle from the main rafters that permits an air-space to be formed between the two when both are covered with canvas. The ends of the supplementary rafters are supwindows 50 and a floor 51.

ported by the opposite ends of the brackets 9, which are formed to extend along the un der side of the rafters. Eaves-plates 34 are fitted against the extreme ends of the rafters and are securely bolted to them and to the extreme end of the brackets by the bolts 35. Suitable angle-castings 35 are secured at the corners where the eaves-plates join, securing them firmly together, and the bolts 35 at the corners pass through these angle-castings and through the brackets 9.

The hoods of the ventilator are each adapted to receive a stovepipe or to be each used as a ventilator, and as one stove would be suffioient for a medium-sized tent the other can be used for a ventilator, and the hoods are made so that either one can be connected to a stove. The pipes are made to rest upon the top ring or hood, and flanges 37 are formed around their bottom edges, which are secured to the said hoods by the bolts or screws. The center of the ventilator between its sides is covered withwire-netting, which also is placed over the pipe-opening that is not used for a stovepipe connection. This screen is secured to the sides of the ventilator by strips of wood 38, which are nailed or otherwise secured to the sides. Under the screen I place a tran= som 39, which I hinge to one of the sides of the ventilator by hinges 40. 1 preferably make this transom of a panel of wood, but it can be a glass-and-sash transom, if desired. It extends the entire length of the ventilator to the inner ends of the rings and covers the stovepipe and ventilator holes in the rings, so that the entire area of the ventilator can be closed tight when desired. In order to arrange the transom so that either one or both of the pipe-openings at the ends of the ventilator can be used, I hinge the ends 41 and 42 of the transom to its central or body portion, I also provide both of the hinged ends, which 1 will call covered and the body of the transom with loops 43, 44, and 45, in which I place loosely a sliding bar 46, which is arranged to lock both pipe-covers closed or to lock either one or both pipe-covers open, which is eifected by sliding the bar out of loops of the covers and swinging them down and back against the body of the transom, as shown in Fig. 11, which again brings the loops of the covers in alinement with the locking 1 bar, which is pushed through them, thus locking the covers wide open to the transom. The transom is provided with an adjustable rod 47. which enables the transom to be artially or wholly opened, as desired, The ocking bar is provided with a hand-knob 48, by which it may be easily moved.

The stud-framing of the cottage is arranged to receive a door 49 and one or two or more The frame of the cottage is preferably covered with ship-lap, weather-boarding, or clapboards 3 from the floor 51 to the Window-sills of the windows 50. From the top of the sideboards tent-canvas is used and extends from the siding up over the sides of the studs and over the top of the main rafters to the ventilator. The canvas is secured to the siding, preferably, by nailing a strip of wood 54 over its edge and may be secured in any convenient manner or in a similar manner to the main rafters and to the ventilator and around the windows and around the door. The supplementary rafters are also covered with canvas, which is made to hang down over the eaves of these rafters a short distance. The supplementary canvas and rafters form a cool-air space above the roof canvas and rafters, which keeps the tent cool, while my improved ventilator permits of the most perfect ventilation.

My improved tent-cottage is very simple in construction and makes a strong, durable, and rigid portable cottage that is light of Weight and easily and quickly erected and taken down.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a tent-cottage, the combination with the studding and the main rafters, of a ventilator-ring arranged in the ridge of said rafters, a supplementary set of rafters, provided with an eaves-strip detachably secured to said main rafters at one end, and a bracket arranged to supportsaid supplementary rafters at a space above and beyond said main rafters and removably bolted at one end to said studding and at its opposite end to said eavesstrip and to said supplementary rafters, substantially as described.

2. In a tent-cottage, the combination with the studding, the top plate, and the main rafters detachably secured to said plate, of aventilator-ring secured to the top of said rafters, a stovepipe in said ventilator, a screen over said ventilator and a transom arranged to close the opening through said ventilator, substantially as described.

3. In a tent-cottage, the combination with the studding and the main rafters detachably connected to said studding, of an oblong ringshaped ventilator, at the apex of said rafters, comprising side strips and a plate-ring secured both to the inner side and to the outer side of the ends of said side strips and having the end rafters of said tent clampably secured between said plates of said ring, substantially as described.

4. In a tent-cottage, the combination with the studding and the main rafters, of a ventilator at the top of said rafters, comprising an oblong ring consisting of side strips, platerings, secured to said side strips and arranged to be removably clamped to the end rafters of the tent-cottage, and having the side rafters of said tent-cottage abut against the side rails of said ring-ventilator and a strap arranged to detachably secure them t0gether,substantially as described.

5. In a tent-cottage, the combination with the studs, the siding, the plates and the main rafters of the ventilator, at the top of said main rafters, provided with an open center portion and apertures at its opposite ends, of a transom hinged to one side of said ventilator and adapted to cover the center, and also the end pipe-apertures of said ventilator, and having the opposite ends of said transom that cover said pipe-apertures hinged to said transom, means for locking the hinge ends of said transom open or closed, and means for ad justably opening said transom,substantially as described.

6. In a tent-cottage, the combination with the studs, of the plates secured to said studs, the main rafters detachably secured at one end to said plate, the cleats on the inside of said studs and rafters, the supplementary rafters arranged above said main rafters, and the bracket arranged to support the supplementary rafters above said main rafters and the bolts arranged to bolt said cleats and the end of said bracket to said studding and the opposite end of said bracket to said supplementary rafters, substantially as described.

7. In a tent-cottage, the combination with the studding, and the main rafters, of an oblong ring-shaped ventilator comprising the side pieces and the inner and outer plate-rings, means for securing said rings to said side pieces, a bolt through the said rings at the center of the ends of said ventilator, a slot in the ends of the two central rafters in the center of the ends of said tent-cottage, and the slotted ends of said rafters fitting between said plates and straddling said bolts, and means for removably securing said rafters to said rings, substantially as described.

8. In a tent-cottage, the combination of the studding, the siding, the plates and the main rafters, with the oblong ring-ventilator, the plate-rings at the end of the main end rafters, said rafters being clamped to said rings, the side rafter arranged to end against the side of said ventilator, a strap arranged to removably secure said rafters and ventilator together, provided with a vertically-projecting end, a vertical slot in said end, supplementary rafter arranged to cover said main rafters, to end against the vertical plate of said strap, a plate secured to each of said supplementary rafters having a cross-bar at its end adapted to fit in said vertical slot and releasably lock the end of said supplementary rafter to said ventilator, and a bracket arranged to support the opposite end of said supplementary rafters at a space above said main rafters, substantially as described.

9. In a tent-cottage, the combination with the studding, the boards, the plate and the main and supplementary rafters, of the oblong ventilator-ring releasably secured to the top ends of said rafters, comprising the side pieces, the ring-plates at the end of said side pieces arranged and adapted to receive the ends of the end rafters, the smoke-pipe secured to said rings, the introverted lugs adapted to pinch the ends of the end rafters, the bolts through said rings adapted to clamp said rings to said main and supplementary rafters, and the straps provided with the slot and cross-bar arranged to releasably secure the main and supplementary rafters together and to said ventilator, substantially as described.

10. In a tent-cottage, the combination with the studding, the side boards and the main and supplementary rafter, arranged at a space apart, of a ventilator at the top of the rafters, comprising an open frame, ring-shaped plates, at the opposite ends of said frame, adapted to receive Stovepipe and arranged to fit over the ends of the end main rafters of said tent-cottage, a ring-plate above the ringplates of said ventilator, adapted to fit over the ends of said supplementary rafters, and bolts arranged and adapted to clamp said plate-rings and the ends of said rafters together, substantially as described.

11. In a tent-cottage, the combination with the frame and rafters and the ventilator, of

the Stovepipe-rings at the ends of said ventilator, means for clamping said rings to the ends of said rafters, the wire-netting over said ventilator, and a transom hinged to said ventilator, means for opening said transom, hinged portions at the end of said transom arranged to cover said pipe-openings, the loops on said hinged ends and on said transom and the sliding bar arranged to lock said open position, substantially as described.

12. In a tent-cottage, the combination of the studding, the siding-boards, the door and Window, the plate, the main rafters, theventilator-ring and the stovepipe, with the supplementary rafters, removably secured to said main rafters and to said ventilator-ring, the brackets arranged to hold said supplementary rafters above said main rafters, the main canvas roof secured to said main rafters, and siding-boards, and the supplementary canvas roof on said supplementary rafters, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I afliX my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHRISTOPHER SGHRAM.

\Vitnesses:

Gr. SARGEN'I ELLIOTT, BEssIn THOMPSON. 

